command to create presigned URL for MLFlow

README.md

@@ -78,9 +78,13 @@ To provision an MLflow tracking server, set:
 ```yaml
 mlflow:
   mode: create
-  tracking_server_name: your-tracking-server-name
+  experiment_name: qc-cli-training
+  registered_model_name: qc-cli-model
+  register_trained_models: true
 ```
 
+In `create` mode, the CLI manages the tracking server name from `infra.stack_name`; you do not need to set `tracking_server_name`.
+
 To use an existing MLflow tracking server, set:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -89,6 +93,22 @@ mlflow:
   tracking_server_name: your-tracking-server-name
 ```
 
+Install the optional MLflow dependencies before enabling MLflow:
+
+```bash
+uv sync --extra mlflow
+```
+
+When MLflow is enabled, `train start` creates an MLflow run for the SageMaker job. `train status` finalizes that run once the job reaches a terminal state and registers completed model artifacts as pre-release model versions using the `prerelease-latest` MLflow alias.
+
+To open the managed SageMaker MLflow UI, request a fresh presigned URL:
+
+```bash
+qc-cli infra mlflow-url --config config.yaml
+```
+
+This works for `mode: create` and for `mode: existing` when the existing server is managed by Amazon SageMaker. In `create` mode, the command uses the CLI-managed tracking server name. In `existing` mode, it uses `mlflow.tracking_server_name`. If the existing MLflow server is external to SageMaker, open it with that server's own URL instead.
+
 ## Commands
 
 ### `init`
@@ -106,6 +126,7 @@ qc-cli infra setup                         Deploy the CDK stack
 qc-cli infra setup --no-bootstrap          Deploy without running CDK bootstrap
 qc-cli infra setup --cloudformation-execution-policy <arn> Set CDK bootstrap execution policy ARN
 qc-cli infra status                        Show CDK stack/resource status
+qc-cli infra mlflow-url                    Print a presigned MLflow UI URL
 qc-cli infra destroy                       Destroy stack, retaining S3 data
 qc-cli infra destroy --yes                 Destroy stack without confirmation
 qc-cli infra destroy --delete-bucket-data  Destroy stack and delete S3 data

examples/training/run_training.sh

@@ -72,10 +72,11 @@ if [[ "${SKIP_UPLOAD}" == false ]]; then
   run uv run qc-cli upload "${DATASET_DIR}" --config "${CONFIG_PATH}"
 fi
 
-TRAIN_OUTPUT="$(uv run qc-cli train start --config "${CONFIG_PATH}")"
+TRAIN_OUTPUT_FILE="$(mktemp)"
-echo "${TRAIN_OUTPUT}"
+trap 'rm -f "${TRAIN_OUTPUT_FILE}"' EXIT
+run uv run qc-cli train start --config "${CONFIG_PATH}" | tee "${TRAIN_OUTPUT_FILE}"
 
-JOB_NAME="$(printf '%s\n' "${TRAIN_OUTPUT}" | grep -Eo 'qc-cli-[0-9]{8}-[0-9]{6}' | tail -n 1)"
+JOB_NAME="$(grep -Eo 'qc-cli-[0-9]{8}-[0-9]{6}' "${TRAIN_OUTPUT_FILE}" | tail -n 1)"
 if [[ -z "${JOB_NAME}" ]]; then
   echo "Could not find training job name in qc-cli output." >&2
   exit 1

pyproject.toml

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ dependencies = [
     "pyyaml>=6.0.3",
 ]
 
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+mlflow = [
+    "mlflow>=3.0",
+    "sagemaker-mlflow>=0.4.0",
+]
+
 [project.scripts]
 qc-cli = "src.main:app"
 
@@ -25,6 +31,7 @@ packages = ["src"]
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = [
     "boto3-stubs[iam,s3,sagemaker]",
+    "pytest>=8.0",
     "pyright>=1.1.409",
     "types-PyYAML",
     "ruff>=0.4",

src/aws/mlflow.py

@@ -17,3 +17,20 @@ def describe_tracking_server(region: str, profile: str, name: str) -> dict[str,
         ):
             return None
         raise
+
+
+def get_tracking_server_arn(region: str, profile: str, name: str) -> str:
+    server = describe_tracking_server(region, profile, name)
+    if not server:
+        raise ValueError(f"MLflow tracking server not found: {name}")
+
+    arn = server.get("TrackingServerArn")
+    if not arn:
+        raise ValueError(f"MLflow tracking server has no ARN: {name}")
+    return str(arn)
+
+
+def create_presigned_tracking_server_url(region: str, profile: str, name: str) -> str:
+    client = boto3.Session(profile_name=profile, region_name=region).client("sagemaker")
+    response = client.create_presigned_mlflow_tracking_server_url(TrackingServerName=name)
+    return str(response["AuthorizedUrl"])

src/aws/sagemaker.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class TrainingJobStatus:
     modified: datetime | None
     model_artifacts: str | None
     failure_reason: str | None
+    raw: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
 
 
 def _sm(session: Boto3SessionKwargs) -> SageMakerClient:
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ def get_training_job_status(session: Boto3SessionKwargs, job_name: str) -> Train
         modified=resp.get("LastModifiedTime"),
         model_artifacts=resp.get("ModelArtifacts", {}).get("S3ModelArtifacts"),
         failure_reason=resp.get("FailureReason"),
+        raw=dict(resp),
     )
 
 

src/commands/infra.py

@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ def setup(
     if outputs.get("SageMakerRoleArn"):
         CONSOLE.print(f"[green]✓[/green] IAM role:  {outputs['SageMakerRoleArn']}")
     if cfg.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.create and outputs.get("MlflowTrackingServerArn"):
-        CONSOLE.print(f"[green]✓[/green] MLflow:    {outputs['MlflowTrackingServerArn']}")
+        mlflow_name = outputs.get("MlflowTrackingServerName", cfg.managed_mlflow_tracking_server_name)
+        CONSOLE.print(f"[green]✓[/green] MLflow:    {mlflow_name}")
     elif cfg.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.existing:
         CONSOLE.print(f"[green]✓[/green] MLflow:    {cfg.mlflow.tracking_server_name}")
     CONSOLE.print("\n[bold green]Infrastructure ready.[/bold green]")
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ def status(config: str = CONFIG_OPT) -> None:
         if cfg.mlflow.mode is not MlflowMode.disabled:
             table.add_row(
                 "MLflow",
-                cfg.mlflow.tracking_server_name or "-",
+                cfg.effective_mlflow_tracking_server_name or "-",
                 "[red]unknown[/red]",
                 "-",
             )
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ def status(config: str = CONFIG_OPT) -> None:
     if cfg.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.create:
         table.add_row(
             "MLflow",
-            cfg.mlflow.tracking_server_name or "-",
+            outputs.get("MlflowTrackingServerName", cfg.managed_mlflow_tracking_server_name),
             "[green]managed[/green]",
             outputs.get("MlflowTrackingServerArn", outputs.get("MlflowArtifactUri", "-")),
         )
@@ -149,6 +150,32 @@ def status(config: str = CONFIG_OPT) -> None:
     CONSOLE.print(table)
 
 
+@app.command(name="mlflow-url")
+def mlflow_url(config: str = CONFIG_OPT) -> None:
+    """Print a presigned URL for the configured MLflow tracking server."""
+    cfg = load_cfg(config)
+    tracking_server_name = _mlflow_tracking_server_name(cfg)
+
+    try:
+        url = mlflow.create_presigned_tracking_server_url(
+            cfg.aws.region,
+            cfg.aws.profile,
+            tracking_server_name,
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        CONSOLE.print("[yellow]Could not create a SageMaker MLflow UI URL.[/yellow]")
+        CONSOLE.print(f"Tracking server: [cyan]{tracking_server_name}[/cyan]")
+        CONSOLE.print(f"Reason: {e}")
+        CONSOLE.print(
+            "This command can create presigned URLs only for MLflow tracking servers managed by "
+            "Amazon SageMaker. If this is an external MLflow server, open it with that server's own URL."
+        )
+        raise typer.Exit(1)
+
+    CONSOLE.print(f"MLflow tracking server: [cyan]{tracking_server_name}[/cyan]")
+    CONSOLE.print(f"MLflow UI: {url}")
+
+
 @app.command()
 def destroy(
     config: str = CONFIG_OPT,
@@ -209,6 +236,15 @@ def _role_name(configured_name: str, role_arn: str) -> str:
         return role_arn.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     return "-"
 
+
+def _mlflow_tracking_server_name(cfg: Config) -> str:
+    name = cfg.effective_mlflow_tracking_server_name
+    if not name:
+        CONSOLE.print("[red]MLflow is disabled in config.yaml.[/red]")
+        raise typer.Exit(1)
+    return name
+
+
 def _destroy_account_id(config_path: str, cfg: Config) -> str:
     config_dir = str(Path(config_path).parent)
     state = read_infra_state(config_dir)

src/commands/train.py

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ from src import state as state_ops
 from src.aws import iam
 from src.aws import sagemaker as sm_ops
 from src.commands.utils import CONFIG_OPT, CONSOLE, load_cfg
-from src.config import Config
+from src.config import Config, MlflowMode
 from src.infra.state import read_infra_state
+from src.tracking.mlflow import MlflowTracker
 
 app = typer.Typer(help="Manage SageMaker training jobs")
 
@@ -22,6 +23,14 @@ _STATUS_COLOR = {
 }
 
 
+def _tracker(cfg):
+    try:
+        return MlflowTracker.from_config(cfg)
+    except Exception as e:
+        CONSOLE.print(f"[red]MLflow setup failed: {e}[/red]")
+        raise typer.Exit(1)
+
+
 def _config_dir(config_path: str) -> str:
     return str(Path(config_path).parent)
 
@@ -58,6 +67,7 @@ def start(config: str = CONFIG_OPT) -> None:
         CONSOLE.print(f"[red]{e}[/red]")
         raise typer.Exit(1)
 
+    tracker = _tracker(cfg)
     job_name = f"qc-cli-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')}"
     s3_train_uri = f"s3://{cfg.s3.bucket}/{cfg.s3.data_prefix}"
     s3_output = f"s3://{cfg.s3.bucket}/{cfg.s3.model_prefix}"
@@ -77,9 +87,21 @@ def start(config: str = CONFIG_OPT) -> None:
     )
     sm_ops.start_training_job(cfg.aws.boto3_session, training_job)
 
-    state_ops.write_state(_config_dir(config), last_training_job=job_name)
+    st = state_ops.store(config)
+    st.set_last_training_job(job_name)
+    run_id = tracker.start_training_run(
+        training_job,
+        region=cfg.aws.region,
+        profile=cfg.aws.profile,
+        role_arn=role_arn,
+    )
+    if run_id:
+        st.update_training_job(job_name, mlflow_run_id=run_id)
 
     CONSOLE.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Job submitted: [bold]{job_name}[/bold]")
+    if run_id:
+        CONSOLE.print(f"MLflow run: [cyan]{run_id}[/cyan]")
+        CONSOLE.print("Open MLflow: [cyan]qc-cli infra mlflow-url[/cyan]")
     CONSOLE.print("Track progress: [cyan]qc-cli train status[/cyan]")
 
 
@@ -90,9 +112,10 @@ def status(
 ) -> None:
     """Show training job status."""
     cfg = load_cfg(config)
+    st = state_ops.store(config)
 
     if not job_name:
-        job_name = state_ops.get_last_training_job(_config_dir(config))
+        job_name = st.get_last_training_job()
         if not job_name:
             CONSOLE.print(
                 "[red]No training job found in state. Pass a job name or run 'qc-cli train start' first.[/red]"
@@ -111,6 +134,25 @@ def status(
     if status.failure_reason:
         CONSOLE.print(f"[red]Failure: {status.failure_reason}[/red]")
 
+    job_state = st.get_training_job(job_name)
+    run_id = job_state.get("mlflow_run_id")
+    already_registered = job_state.get("registered_model_version")
+    if run_id and not already_registered and status.status in {"Completed", "Failed", "Stopped"}:
+        tracker = _tracker(cfg)
+        version = tracker.finalize_training_run(
+            run_id=str(run_id),
+            training_job_status=status,
+        )
+        updates = {"mlflow_finalized_status": status.status}
+        if version:
+            updates["registered_model_version"] = version
+        st.update_training_job(job_name, **updates)
+        if version:
+            st.set_latest_prerelease_model_version(version)
+            CONSOLE.print(f"MLflow model version: [cyan]{version}[/cyan] ([cyan]prerelease-latest[/cyan])")
+    if run_id and cfg.mlflow.mode is not MlflowMode.disabled:
+        CONSOLE.print("Open MLflow: [cyan]qc-cli infra mlflow-url[/cyan]")
+
 
 @app.command(name="list")
 def list_jobs(

src/config.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-from enum import Enum
+from enum import StrEnum
 from typing import Any, Literal, TypedDict
 
 from mypy_boto3_s3.literals import BucketLocationConstraintType
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ from mypy_boto3_sagemaker.literals import TrainingInstanceTypeType
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 
 
-class MlflowMode(str, Enum):
+class MlflowMode(StrEnum):
     disabled = "disabled"
     create = "create"
     existing = "existing"
 
 
-class MlflowServerSize(str, Enum):
+class MlflowServerSize(StrEnum):
     small = "Small"
     medium = "Medium"
     large = "Large"
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ class SageMakerConfig(BaseModel):
 class MlflowConfig(BaseModel):
     mode: MlflowMode = MlflowMode.disabled
     tracking_server_name: str | None = None
+    experiment_name: str = "qc-cli-training"
+    registered_model_name: str = "qc-cli-model"
+    register_trained_models: bool = True
     artifact_prefix: str = "mlflow/"
     tracking_server_size: MlflowServerSize = MlflowServerSize.small
     mlflow_version: str | None = None
@@ -91,8 +94,8 @@ class MlflowConfig(BaseModel):
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def require_tracking_server_name(self) -> "MlflowConfig":
-        if self.mode in {MlflowMode.create, MlflowMode.existing} and not self.tracking_server_name:
+        if self.mode is MlflowMode.existing and not self.tracking_server_name:
-            raise ValueError("mlflow.tracking_server_name is required when mlflow.mode is create or existing")
+            raise ValueError("mlflow.tracking_server_name is required when mlflow.mode is existing")
         return self
 
 
@@ -102,3 +105,15 @@ class Config(BaseModel):
     s3: S3Config = Field(default_factory=S3Config)
     sagemaker: SageMakerConfig = Field(default_factory=SageMakerConfig)
     mlflow: MlflowConfig = Field(default_factory=MlflowConfig)
+
+    @property
+    def managed_mlflow_tracking_server_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.infra.stack_name}-mlflow"
+
+    @property
+    def effective_mlflow_tracking_server_name(self) -> str | None:
+        if self.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.disabled:
+            return None
+        if self.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.existing:
+            return self.mlflow.tracking_server_name
+        return self.managed_mlflow_tracking_server_name

src/infra/stack.py

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ class QCStack(Stack):
         CfnOutput(self, "SageMakerRoleArn", value=role.attr_arn)
 
         if config.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.create:
+            tracking_server_name = config.managed_mlflow_tracking_server_name
             artifact_prefix = config.mlflow.artifact_prefix.strip("/")
             artifact_uri = (
                 f"s3://{data_bucket.bucket_name}/{artifact_prefix}/"
@@ -145,14 +146,14 @@ class QCStack(Stack):
                 "MlflowTrackingServer",
                 artifact_store_uri=artifact_uri,
                 role_arn=mlflow_role.attr_arn,
-                tracking_server_name=config.mlflow.tracking_server_name or "",
+                tracking_server_name=tracking_server_name,
                 automatic_model_registration=config.mlflow.automatic_model_registration,
                 mlflow_version=config.mlflow.mlflow_version,
                 tracking_server_size=config.mlflow.tracking_server_size.value,
                 weekly_maintenance_window_start=config.mlflow.weekly_maintenance_window_start,
             )
 
-            CfnOutput(self, "MlflowTrackingServerName", value=config.mlflow.tracking_server_name or "")
+            CfnOutput(self, "MlflowTrackingServerName", value=tracking_server_name)
             CfnOutput(self, "MlflowTrackingServerArn", value=tracking_server.attr_tracking_server_arn)
             CfnOutput(self, "MlflowArtifactUri", value=artifact_uri)
             CfnOutput(self, "MlflowRoleArn", value=mlflow_role.attr_arn)

src/state.py

@@ -1,30 +1,65 @@
 import json
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 STATE_FILE = ".qc-cli.json"
 
 
-def _path(config_dir: str) -> Path:
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
-    return Path(config_dir) / STATE_FILE
+class CliStateStore:
+    config_dir: str = "."
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> Path:
+        return Path(self.config_dir) / STATE_FILE
+
+    def read(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if not self.path.exists():
+            return {}
+        with open(self.path) as f:
+            value = json.load(f)
+        return dict(value) if isinstance(value, dict) else {}
+
+    def update(self, **updates: Any) -> None:
+        state = self.read()
+        state.update(updates)
+        self._write(state)
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        return self.read().get(key, default)
+
+    def get_last_training_job(self) -> str | None:
+        value = self.get("last_training_job")
+        return str(value) if value else None
+
+    def set_last_training_job(self, job_name: str) -> None:
+        self.update(last_training_job=job_name)
+
+    def get_training_job(self, job_name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        jobs = self._training_jobs(self.read())
+        value = jobs.get(job_name, {})
+        return dict(value) if isinstance(value, dict) else {}
+
+    def update_training_job(self, job_name: str, **updates: Any) -> None:
+        state = self.read()
+        jobs = self._training_jobs(state)
+        jobs[job_name] = {**jobs.get(job_name, {}), **updates}
+        state["training_jobs"] = jobs
+        self._write(state)
+
+    def set_latest_prerelease_model_version(self, version: str) -> None:
+        self.update(latest_prerelease_model_version=version)
+
+    def _write(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        with open(self.path, "w") as f:
+            json.dump(state, f, indent=2)
+
+    def _training_jobs(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        value = state.get("training_jobs", {})
+        return dict(value) if isinstance(value, dict) else {}
 
 
-def read_state(config_dir: str = ".") -> dict[str, Any]:
+def store(config_path: str) -> CliStateStore:
-    path = _path(config_dir)
+    config_dir = str(Path(config_path).parent)
-    if not path.exists():
+    return CliStateStore(config_dir)
-        return {}
-    with open(path) as f:
-        return json.load(f)
-
-
-def write_state(config_dir: str = ".", **updates: str | None) -> None:
-    path = _path(config_dir)
-    state = read_state(config_dir)
-    state.update(updates)
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
-        json.dump(state, f, indent=2)
-
-
-def get_last_training_job(config_dir: str = ".") -> str | None:
-    value = read_state(config_dir).get("last_training_job")
-    return str(value) if value else None

src/tracking/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from src.tracking.mlflow import MlflowTracker, NoopTracker, Tracker
+
+__all__ = ["MlflowTracker", "NoopTracker", "Tracker"]

src/tracking/mlflow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Protocol
+
+from src.aws import mlflow as aws_mlflow
+from src.config import Config, MlflowMode
+
+
+class Tracker(Protocol):
+    def start_training_run(self, training_job: Any, *, region: str, profile: str, role_arn: str) -> str | None: ...
+
+    def finalize_training_run(
+        self,
+        *,
+        run_id: str | None,
+        training_job_status: Any,
+    ) -> str | None: ...
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class NoopTracker:
+    def start_training_run(self, training_job: Any, *, region: str, profile: str, role_arn: str) -> str | None:
+        return None
+
+    def finalize_training_run(self, *, run_id: str | None, training_job_status: Any) -> str | None:
+        return None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MlflowTracker:
+    mlflow: Any
+    tracking_uri: str
+    experiment_name: str
+    registered_model_name: str
+    register_trained_models: bool
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(cls, cfg: Config) -> Tracker:
+        if cfg.mlflow.mode is MlflowMode.disabled:
+            return NoopTracker()
+
+        os.environ.setdefault("MLFLOW_SUPPRESS_PRINTING_URL_TO_STDOUT", "true")
+
+        try:
+            import mlflow
+        except ImportError as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "MLflow is enabled in config but optional dependencies are not installed. "
+                "Install with: qc-cli[mlflow]"
+            ) from e
+
+        tracking_server_name = cfg.effective_mlflow_tracking_server_name
+        if not tracking_server_name:
+            raise RuntimeError("MLflow tracking server name could not be resolved.")
+
+        tracking_uri = aws_mlflow.get_tracking_server_arn(
+            cfg.aws.region,
+            cfg.aws.profile,
+            tracking_server_name,
+        )
+        mlflow.set_tracking_uri(tracking_uri)
+        mlflow.set_experiment(cfg.mlflow.experiment_name)
+
+        return cls(
+            mlflow=mlflow,
+            tracking_uri=tracking_uri,
+            experiment_name=cfg.mlflow.experiment_name,
+            registered_model_name=cfg.mlflow.registered_model_name,
+            register_trained_models=cfg.mlflow.register_trained_models,
+        )
+
+    def start_training_run(self, training_job: Any, *, region: str, profile: str, role_arn: str) -> str | None:
+        run = self.mlflow.start_run(run_name=training_job.job_name)
+        run_id = str(run.info.run_id)
+
+        params = {
+            "aws.region": region,
+            "aws.profile": profile,
+            "sagemaker.role_arn": role_arn,
+            "sagemaker.job_name": training_job.job_name,
+            "sagemaker.training_image": training_job.image_uri,
+            "sagemaker.instance_type": training_job.instance_type,
+            "sagemaker.instance_count": training_job.instance_count,
+            "sagemaker.s3_train_uri": training_job.s3_train_uri,
+            "sagemaker.s3_output_path": training_job.s3_output_path,
+            "sagemaker.entry_point": training_job.entry_point,
+            "sagemaker.source_dir": training_job.source_dir,
+        }
+        self._log_params(params)
+        self._log_params({f"hyperparameters.{key}": value for key, value in training_job.hyperparameters.items()})
+        self.mlflow.set_tags(
+            {
+                "qc_cli.stage": "prerelease",
+                "qc_cli.command": "train start",
+                "sagemaker.job_name": training_job.job_name,
+            }
+        )
+        self.mlflow.end_run()
+        return run_id
+
+    def finalize_training_run(self, *, run_id: str | None, training_job_status: Any) -> str | None:
+        if not run_id:
+            return None
+
+        with self.mlflow.start_run(run_id=run_id):
+            self._log_params(
+                {
+                    "sagemaker.training_status": training_job_status.status,
+                    "sagemaker.created_at": training_job_status.created,
+                    "sagemaker.modified_at": training_job_status.modified,
+                    "sagemaker.model_artifacts": training_job_status.model_artifacts,
+                    "sagemaker.failure_reason": training_job_status.failure_reason,
+                }
+            )
+            self._log_final_metrics(training_job_status.raw)
+            self.mlflow.set_tag("qc_cli.command", "train status")
+
+            if training_job_status.status != "Completed" or not training_job_status.model_artifacts:
+                self.mlflow.set_tag("qc_cli.training_terminal_status", training_job_status.status)
+                return None
+
+            if not self.register_trained_models:
+                return None
+
+            client = self.mlflow.tracking.MlflowClient()
+            self._ensure_registered_model(client, self.registered_model_name)
+            version = client.create_model_version(
+                name=self.registered_model_name,
+                source=training_job_status.model_artifacts,
+                run_id=run_id,
+                tags={
+                    "qc_cli.stage": "prerelease",
+                    "sagemaker.job_name": training_job_status.name,
+                },
+            )
+            version_number = str(version.version)
+            self._set_alias(client, self.registered_model_name, "prerelease-latest", version_number)
+            self.mlflow.set_tag("qc_cli.registered_model_name", self.registered_model_name)
+            self.mlflow.set_tag("qc_cli.registered_model_version", version_number)
+            return version_number
+
+    def _log_params(self, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        cleaned = {key: str(value) for key, value in params.items() if value is not None}
+        if cleaned:
+            self.mlflow.log_params(cleaned)
+
+    def _log_final_metrics(self, training_job: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        metrics = {}
+        for metric in training_job.get("FinalMetricDataList", []):
+            name = metric.get("MetricName")
+            value = metric.get("Value")
+            if name and value is not None:
+                metrics[str(name)] = float(value)
+        if metrics:
+            self.mlflow.log_metrics(metrics)
+
+    def _ensure_registered_model(self, client: Any, name: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            client.get_registered_model(name)
+        except Exception:
+            client.create_registered_model(name)
+
+    def _set_alias(self, client: Any, name: str, alias: str, version: str) -> None:
+        if hasattr(client, "set_registered_model_alias"):
+            client.set_registered_model_alias(name, alias, version)